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DR. A. E. MATTESON, 


My First Teacher in Orthodontia 
In Recognition of His Friendly Aid 


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WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY DENTAL SCHOOL. 
St. Louis, August, 1909. 



Used in the Author’s 

































INSTRUMENTS, MATERIALS, AND RULES. 

Many ot tlie technical details of orthodontic procedures require the 
use of special instruments and materials, and they must here become an 



A rubber plaster bowl (Figure 1), for mixing plaster, should be 
of the smallest size obtainable. Its capacity will be found large enough 
for any model or impression, and will prevent the useless waste of 
plaster. 













































Tj 


nishes should be provided. It is a serious mistake to use inferior 
brushes, because the application of varnish is an exceedingly important 
and difficult detail of model making. 

A clean glass slab is a necessary accessory, and should measure 









UPPER IMPRESSION TRAY. 


L 



plaster, and not for its removal from the mouth. 






PLASTER TECHNIC MATERIALS. 


About two quarts of good plaster will be necessary for exercises Nos. 
1 and 2. The use of special impression plaster is not recommended. 

Base-plate wax is used for uniting the broken pieces of an impres¬ 
sion and for spanning the tongue space in lower impressions. 

“Sticky-wax” may be used for combining parts of an impression, and 





SPECIAL BLOW-PIPE. 


A special blow-pipe (Figure 8), designed for the purpose, is abso¬ 
lutely necessary in soldering the essential details of an appliance. The 
large flame of an ordinary Bunsen burner is not adapted to this class of 
work, and should never be used. 


i 


















o 


PLATE SHEARS. 


Small size, straight pattern, plate shears (Figure 11) are used for 
cutting band metal and solder, and the necessary trimming of all bands. 

A half-round, smooth-cutting, metal file, about five inches long, for 
the finishing of spurs. 











A small metal band-driver (Figure 14) is another instrument of 
great usefulness for the adjustment of bands upon the teeth. 





A small size red sable brush, for the application of flux in soldering. 


















WIRE NIPPERS. 


A pair of flat-nose office pliers (Figure 16) and a pair of 4-inch side 
cutting wire nippers (Figure 17 ) completes the list. 





























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Cleanliness is the very first condition of successful model making, 
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NOTE.—These outlines give exact size of Plaster Base-Blocks in Exercise No. 





MEMORANDA. 



THE CONSTRUCTION OF MODELS. 



Prepare two plaster blocks as shown above, a drawing of exact size 
being given in Figures 10 and 20. Flow a sufficient quantity of plaster 




MEMORANDA. 




EXERCISE No. 


Construct an upper and lower model from plaster impressions and 
trim them as shown in the illustration. The sides of the bases need not 
form exact right angles with them, though the experience gained in 
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EXERCISE No. 


This exercise in band construction represents a plain band upon an 
upper central incisor. In most cases of malposition of individual teeth 
some form of attachment is necessary for the proper movement into 
normal alignment and occlusion. Hence this problem has a wide range 
of usefulness, and is regarded as a fundamental requirement of appliance 


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EXERCISE No. 


Construct a plain band for an upper central incisor like in the previous 
exercise. In cutting the surplus band metal at the seam, S, so guide the 
shears that there will be a slight elongation of the joint at its gingival 
end, E. This projection prevents the slipping of wire ligatures used in 
labial movements of lingually malposed teeth. The band should be pick- 


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EXERCISE No. 


This exercise represents another plain band upon an upper central 
incisor, with its seam, S, in the median line of the lingual surface. Near 
the labio-mesial angle of the labial surface, midway between the incisal 
and gingival border, solder a No. 16-gauge spur wire. Prior to soldering, 
bevel the end of the wire with the file, so that it forms an acute angle 



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EXERCISE No. 


Construct a plain band for an upper lateral incisor, with the seam, S, 
toward the mesial of the lingual surface. Upon the disto-lingual border, 
well toward the gingival, solder a spur, Sp, of No. 18-gauge wire. The 
spur must incline toward the median line and form an acute angle with 
the lingual surface. This form of band and attachment is used for the 


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This illustration represents a band upon a lower first bicuspid, with 
the seam, S, on the buccal surface. A spur, Sp, is attached to the gingival 


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MEMORANDA. 


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Upper first bicuspids, with their oval-shaped roots and a tendency to 
bifurcate, are usually difficult to rotate. A more direct pressure than that 
exerted by a wire ligature is, therefore, frequently necessary. The 
present exercises shows a band with attachments designed for this pur¬ 


pose. 

Construct a plain band with its seam, S, on the buccal side, well to¬ 
wards the distal. Toward the gingival border of the buccal surface, and 
near its mesial angle, solder a No. 18-gauge spur, allowing it to incline 
distally. This angle, therefore, becomes an acute angle, and is for the 



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EXERCISE No. 11. 


Upper cuspids frequently assume prominent positions, and require 
distal and lingual movement. To accomplish this, a direct pressure, such 
as is delivered by the use of a threaded bar or retracting screw, is applied. 
The cuspid, therefore, requires the application of a plain band with 
lingual seam, and such other attachment which the special appliance de- 


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EXERCISE No. 12. 


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EXERCISE No. 13. 













EXERCISE No. 14. 


Another form of attachment is shown in the accompanying illustra¬ 
tion. The band is similar in construction, with its seam on the labial. 
The attachment consists of an oblong loop, L, of No. 18-gauge wire, con¬ 
toured to conform to the lingual surface and thus insure perfect adapta¬ 
tion, and soldered toward the gingival border. The solder should be 


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EXERCISE No. 15. 


Construct a plain band for an upper central incisor, with the seam 
in the median line of the labial surface. The joint must be well filled 
with solder, after which it is trimmed to one-sixteenth of an inch in 
length. The incisal and gingival ends are then rounded, and a notch, N, 
cut into the remaining projection. This notch is for the reception of an 



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EXERCISE No. 16. 



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EXERCISE No. 17 


This retainer consists of a plain band upon an upper lateral incisor, 
with spur attachment. It is applicable when the lateral has been slightly 
rotated. The seam and spur are upon the lingual surface, the spur point¬ 
ing mesially. It is well, in such cases, to locate the joint toward the 
distal, away from the spur. The spur is made from No. 18-gauge wire, 


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MEMORANDA. 










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EXERCISE No. 18. 


The illustration shows a plain band upon an upper lateral, in which 
the rotation was more considerable than in exercise No. 17. The seam, 
like in the previous case, is on the lingual surface, and a spur toward the 
mesial is also provided. In addition, we have a spur upon the disto- 
labial angle resting upon the adjoining cuspid. Both spurs are soldered 











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EXERCISE No. 20. 


Cases frequently present themselves where the centrals are widely 
separated and the adjoining laterals are considerably lingual to normal. 
After movement has been accomplished, the retainer here presented will 
be found effective. 

Two plain bands upon the centrals, with lingual seams, are united 


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EXERCISE No. 21. 


A common characteristic of many forms of malposition is a crowded 
condition of the incisors, usually accompanied by a lapping of the laterals 
over the centrals, and one or more of them assuming a rotated position. 
An effectual retainer for such a condition, provided the adjoining cuspids 
are not involved, constitutes our present exercise. It consists of two 
















































EXERCISE No. 22. 


Occasionally, owing to a lack of development of the anterior portion 
of the lower arch, the laterals erupt lingual to normal. This condition, 
in young patients between eight and ten years, is frequently corrected 
to induce required development for the unerupted permanent teeth. It 
is easily accomplished by moving the incisors labially into alignment, and 


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EXERCISE No. 24. 


In correcting malpositions of the lower anterior teeth, as previously 
intimated, the cuspids frequently require rotation. They now become the 
anchor teeth for the retaining appliance, and for effective retention must 
be encircled with bands as shown above. The seams are on the labial, 
and the bands are united by a lingual bar passing over all of the incisors, 


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MEMORANDA. 


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EXERCISE No. 25. 


Not infrequently patients are of an age when all of the permanent 
teeth usually involved in orthodontic treatment are fully erupted. In 
such cases the correction of malposition of the lower anterior teeth in¬ 
volves the buccal movement of the first bicuspids. Our present exercise, 
therefore, is a continuation of exercise No. 24. with additional spurs run- 


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MEMORANDA. 




































































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MEMORANDA. 



EXERCISE No. 27. 


A rather common characteristic in young patients slow in develop¬ 
ment is a general collapse of the arch, especially in the incisal and cuspid 
regions. An extreme case is one in which the lateral incisor comes in 
contact with the first bicuspid, thus obliterating the space the cuspid 
should occupy. The correction of such a condition consists in the liberal 


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MEMORANDA. 


CO 



EXERCISE No. 28. 


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the arches, one of the most difficult types of which is either of a mesial or 
distal form. When two or more of the buccal teeth in each arch are thus 
malrelated, reliance is frequently placed in a mechanism provided with 


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MEMORANDA. 


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EXERCISE No. 29. 


Premature loss of the temporary molars permits the first permanent 
molar to assume a mesial to normal position; and if the first bicuspid 
erupts before the second, it usually in such instances inclines distally to 
the extent that the second bicuspid can not erupt at all. The space be¬ 
tween the first bicuspid and first molar must, therefore, be enlarged to 


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MEMORANDA. 





EXERCISE No. 30. 


A narrowing of the arches, or lingual position of the bicuspids and 
molars, is a very common accompaniment of a large percentage of cases. 
This always demands correction, and a mechanism to support them until 
osseus development is completed. A simple method consists of a vulcanite 
plate adapted to the palate and necks of the teeth involved. 


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